Nigeria

The earthen walls and moats of the historic Benin Kingdom, built between the 13th and 15th centuries, constitute the largest single archaeological site on Earth — a feat of hydraulic engineering that enclosed a sovereign capital of extraordinary sophistication.

Gurara Falls drops in a single curtain approximately 30 metres high over a broad laterite shelf on the Gurara River in Niger State, creating a persistent roar and a cooling microclimate in the surrounding gallery forest that makes the site a significant natural refuge in the dry middle-belt landscape.

The Niger Delta's mangrove forest, stretching across approximately 9,000 square kilometres of tidal water, creeks and islands at the mouth of the Niger River, is the largest mangrove ecosystem in Africa and one of the most ecologically productive and culturally distinct landscapes on the planet.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site and the most important sanctuary of the Yoruba orisha Osun, the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove is a 75-hectare grove of dense tropical forest along the Osun River containing shrines, sculptures and the annual August festival that draws thousands of worshippers and tourists to Osogbo.

Nigeria's largest wildlife sanctuary, Yankari spans 2,244 square kilometres of savanna and gallery forest in Bauchi State, sheltering elephants, baboons, hippos and some 350 bird species around the Wikki Warm Spring.

A massive granite dome rising abruptly from the savanna flatlands of Niger State, Zuma Rock is one of Nigeria's most striking natural landmarks, straddling the Abuja–Kaduna highway and visible from orbit on clear days.