Somalia

A historic port on the Gulf of Aden that served as a major Ottoman and British trading hub, retaining a distinctive coral-stone architectural fabric with merchant houses, hammams and narrow alleyways largely unchanged since the 18th and 19th centuries.

A memorial in the centre of Hargeisa commemorating the victims of the 1988 bombardment of the city by Siad Barre's forces during the Somali civil war, centred on a preserved warplane and surrounded by a garden of commemoration, serving as the primary site of collective memory for the Somaliland war of independence.

A cluster of cave shelters on the outskirts of Hargeisa bearing some of the oldest known figurative rock art in Africa, with paintings of cattle, humans and animals in red, white and black pigments dating to approximately 5,000–8,000 years ago.

Mogadishu's most popular urban beach on the Indian Ocean, stretching several kilometres of pale sand along the city's southern waterfront, historically associated with Italian colonial-era bathing establishments and now reclaimed by local families for weekend outings, despite the absence of formal facilities.

The skeletal remains of the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Saint Joseph, built by Italian colonial authorities in the 1920s and left gutted during the civil war, its twin bell towers still standing against the Mogadishu skyline as a haunting monument to a vanished era of cosmopolitan urbanism.

An ancient port on the Gulf of Aden near the Djibouti border, once one of the most cosmopolitan crossroads of the Indian Ocean world, with remains of Friday mosque, Abbasid baths and merchant warehouses dating from the 9th to 15th centuries, now largely ruinous but still revealing in their layout.